Essay about Irony in Shakespeares Macbeth - 1143 Words

Macbeth: Three Forms of Irony Macbeth, is a story of a man whose ambitions have caused him to commit treason and murder. Visions of power grew within his head until his thirst for power caused him to lose his life. It is the ironic and symbolic elements such as this that contribute to the great depth of the play and transform it from a mere play to a literary art form. Three forms of irony may be found in the play, Macbeth: Dramatic irony, being the difference between what the audience knows and what a character knows to be true; Verbal Irony, being a difference between what is said and what is meant; and Situational Irony, a difference between what happens and what is expected to happen. I will attempt to show examples of†¦show more content†¦One of my favorite examples of dramatic irony is the porter scene in Act II, iii because of the hidden truths the stuporous drunk revealed. The porter acts the part of the porter at hell-gate in line 2, Porter: If a man were porter of hell-gate, he should have old turning the key. He continues to dramatize through line 17, Porter: But this place is too cold for hell. Ill devil-porter it no further... After the kings murder is discovered, it is almost comedic the way Lady Macbeth responds to the announcement of King Duncans murder. First she enters in mock confusion questioning, Lady Macbeth: Whats the business, That such a hideous trumpet calls to parley The sleepers of the house? speak, speak! (II,iii,84-86) One can imagine the actor portraying Lady Macbeth embellishing her performance almost to the point at which it might be called over-acting. Then, with Macduffs reply refusing to tell her what has happened for The repetition in a womans ear Would murder as it fell, one can not help but ignore the serious tone of the scene to laugh at the irony of his choice of words. The lady then plays her innocence more by replying in alarm to Macduffs telling Banquo of the murder, Lady Macbeth: Woe, alas! What in our house? (II,iii,92) Possibly the most enjoyed form of irony in the play is verbal. For example, the exit of Macbeth at his final visit to theShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 1399 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s ‘Macbeth’, resonates the damnation and inevitable dissolution of man in the face of compunction, facades and vaulting ambition. Through the use of dramatic irony, symbolism and soliloquies, Shakespeare denotes the happenings of a tragic hero who ambles on the verge between moral and immoral; the inception after which humanity cascades to pieces. Ultimately through this farrago of self-seeking divinations, disdainful desires, decimating machinations and an ultimate plunge fromRead MoreEssay on Comedy vs. Tragedy876 Words   |  4 Pageswhich kept them in the Shakespearian style. Shakespeare’s more widely known comedy and tragedy, The Twelfth Night and Macbeth, respectively, are great examples to show the vast differences between the two styles , but since both works are by the same author, similarities can also be seen if one looks carefully. A dismal, almost heart-wrenching downfall and a plot of darkness and confusion is what a reader encounters in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth. The story, right from the beginning, createdRead MoreEssay on Dramatic Tension in Macbeth1644 Words   |  7 PagesDramatic Tension in Macbeth  Ã‚   Shakespeare’s play ‘Macbeth’ is set in Scotland during the rule of king Duncan. Macbeth has fought his way up the ranks of the army to become one of Duncan’s most trusted Lords. An encounter with three witches puts wickedness into the heart of an otherwise noble and loyal Macbeth.   Shakespeare’s brilliant use of dramatic irony, the supernatural, and indecision produce a dramatic tension that keeps the audience on the edge of their seats throughout the play. Read MoreIrony in Act 1 of Macbeth Essay896 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Question – Discuss the irony in Act 1, Scene 4. Irony is very commonly used in literature. It is when something totally different from what was happened takes place. Irony is of three main broad types-verbal irony, dramatic irony and irony of situation. Verbal irony or sarcasm refers to the situation where the character deliberately means the opposite of what he or she is saying. Irony of situation or circumstance refers to a situation when the opposite of what is expected happensRead MoreThe Importance Of Literature In Literature1077 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare, there is a common belief among people that Shakespeare’s work does not reflect modern time and has lost its relevance. However, we continue to see literary devices that Shakespeare used in modern works today. Shakespeare employed literary tools, along with his understanding of the flaws in human nature, in a effective manner to continue to be relied upon in modern texts to keep audiences captivated. Motifs were used in Shakespeare’s time and are still used today to relay the overall themeRead MoreTragic Circumstances, Social Pressures, and Flaws in Shakespeares MacBeth957 Words   |  4 PagesThe play Macbeth by William Shakespeare uses the genre of tragedy through the inclusion of distinctive elements of tragic circumstance, social pressures and flaws within the individual’s character. Shakespeare manipulates these features of a tragedy to evoke audience interest leaving responders with insightful thoughts about human nature such as the dangers of vaulting ambition, the fragility of human morality and the temptation of deviation from the natural order. Early in the play, ShakespeareRead More Literary Devices Used In Macbeth Essay example911 Words   |  4 PagesLiterary Devices used in Macbeth Imagine how dull a Shakespearean play would be without the ingenious literary devices and techniques that contribute so much to the fulfillment of its reader or viewer. Macbeth, by William Shakespeare, is a tragedy that combines fact and legend to tell the story of an eleventh century king. Shakespeare uses numerous types of literary techniques to make this tragic play more appealing. Three literary devices that Shakespeare uses to make Macbeth more interesting andRead MoreMacbeth, Act II Scene II : When dealing with scene II act II from Macbeth, we can’t miss900 Words   |  4 Pages Macbeth, Act II Scene II : When dealing with scene II act II from Macbeth, we can’t miss Shakespeare’s mastery in stagecraft. This story of crime and punishment culminates here in a climax of horror and terror, which exposes to the 17th century spectator the features of the two plotters of Duncan’s murder. Thus, the audience are invited to attend the inevitable and tragic downfall of these protagonists. When the scene is about to begin, the spectator has been plunged into the horror of warRead MoreEssay on Tension in Act 2 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Macbeth1620 Words   |  7 PagesTension in Act 2 Scene 2 of William Shakespeares Macbeth Macbeth was written in1605; this was a period where there was a great interest in witchcraft and the supernatural. Many people including James I were scared and confused by ideas of the supernatural. The opening scene would in itself create tension amongst the audience, as it would suggest a play full of evil and lies, and also a theme of opposites and contrasts which occurs in the play, Fair is foul, and foulRead MoreIrony in Macbeth1655 Words   |  7 PagesDramatic Irony is the result of information being shared with the audience but withheld from one or more of the characters. Example: In  Act 1 Scene 4, line 50  , the witches hail Macbeth,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"thane of Cawdor!† Dramatic irony: At this point, Macbeth is unaware that the king has conferred this honor upon him because of his valor in battle, so he attributes his fortune to the witches’ prophecy. However, the audience knows Duncan made the pronouncement in Act 1, Scene 3. Purpose:  This dramatic irony is to

David Ricardos The Principle Of Political Economy And...

One of the founders of modern economics was David Ricardo who developed the concept of the comparative advantage of trade. This concept is a part of the classical theory of trade and was published in 1817 in David Ricardo’s book entitled the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (Appleyard Field, 2014, p. 30). This paper will address the effectiveness of this concept as it has been applied to real-world international trade after the General Agreement in Trade and Tariffs (GATT) was signed in 1947. How the level of wages, productivity and exchange rates affect the model of comparative advantage and international trade patterns will also be analyzed in this document. Ricardian Comparative Advantage of Trade Theory David Ricardo developed this concept after he read the work of Adam Smith who is considered another founder of modern economics. Adam Smith created the concept of absolute advantage which is an idea that a countries should specialize in one commodity. They should export those commodities and should trade with a partner country, which have a specialization in other commodities. The foundation of Adam Smith’s theory is based on the labor hours of a country to produce goods. The labor theory of value reviews how many hours it takes a country to produce a particular commodity and determines which commodity the country has the most productivity benefit. The item that has the lowest cost to produce should be the item that they specialize in making andShow MoreRelatedDavid Ricardo : Comparative Advantage1397 Words   |  6 PagesDavid Ricardo; Comparative Advantage David Ricardo, a British political economist was born on April 18, 1772 in London, England. He was the third child of seventeen in a Sephardic Jewish family who originated from Portugal and had recently emigrated from the Dutch Republic. At the age of fourteen, Ricardo began to work with his father, Abraham Ricardo, who was a famous stockbroker. When Ricardo was twenty-one years of age, he ran off and got married with Priscilla Anne Wilkinson, a Quaker, and becameRead MoreCapitalism And The Communist Manifesto1731 Words   |  7 Pagesclass discussions, I’m very much active in smaller group discussions. Its harder for me to speak in full class discussion, because I’m much more comfortable writing my ideas down on paper, rather than verbally articulating them. Ricardo’s Influence on Marx Slide 1 David Ricardo was born on 19 April 1772 in London. He was the son of a Dutch Jew who had made a fortune on the London Stock Exchange. When he was 14, Ricardo joined his father s business and showed an interest in the economics of theRead MoreEconomic Benefits Of Foreign Direct Investment723 Words   |  3 PagesInternational trade not only results in increased efficiency but also allows countries to participate in a global economy, encouraging the opportunity of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is the amount of money that individuals invest into foreign companies and other assets. In theory, economies can, therefore, grow more efficiently and can more easily become competitive economic participants. For the receiving government, FDI is a means by which foreign currency and expertise can enter theRead MoreThe Rise Of Classical Economics1713 Words   |  7 PagesDavid Ricardo During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mercantilism was at the forefront of economic thought. This economic theory advocated a surplus of exports to increase the amount of money held by a nation. Mercantilism also called for a large poor population, strict government regulations and high tariffs on imported goods. These type of policies fueled anti-trade results and international conflicts, catapulting thinkers like Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo onto theRead MoreEssay about David Ricardo the Comarative and Absolute Advantage1173 Words   |  5 PagesECO2023 DAVID RICARDO THE COMARATIVE AND ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE â€Æ' David Ricardo was one of those rare people who achieved both tremendous success and lasting fame. After his family disinherited him for marrying outside his Jewish faith, Ricardo made a fortune as a stockbroker and loan broker. When he died, his estate was worth more than $100 million in today’s dollars. At age twenty-seven, after reading Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations, Ricardo got excited about economics. He wrote his firstRead MoreAbsolute Advantage By Adam Smith Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pages2014). In 1817, David Ricardo published his concept that become known as the theory of comparative advantage in his book On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation (International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2007). Like Adam Smith, Ricardo was an advocate of free trade and an opponent of protectionism. However, Ricardo thought that some of Smith’s analysis needed to be improved. Due to dissatisfaction with this looseness in Smith’s theory, Ric ardo developed a principle to show thatRead MoreComparison Of Nurkse s Argument Versus Protectionism Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesargument versus protectionism Nurkse argued that less developed countries must make large investments in the agriculture and manufacturing economy, so that an economy can grow without risking the deterioration of its terms of trade. He believed that if a country were to become more productive, its market size would expand and it would eventually become a developed economy. With the development of the manufacturing sector, consumption of manufactured goods would increase, resulting in a decrease of importedRead MoreThe Law Of The Corn Laws1338 Words   |  6 PagesSay’s Law, in his A Treatise on Political Economy. He maintains that in order to consume, one must provide supplies for another’s demand in order to earn a unit of account to consume goods, meaning a consumer must also be a producer (Say, I.XV.133). Therefore, the economy is a constant cycle of production, proving that supply creates its own demand. Because of this implication, Say’s Law can be viewed in relation to the Corn Laws as the law implies both that an economy will equilibrate without a needRead MoreThe Trade beyond Borders2297 Words   |  9 Pagesborders this is quite an important trade in most countries and contributes to a share that is significant in these countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This trade has been present throughout much of the historical days furthermore its economic, political as well as social importance has been on the rise in recent centuries. Advanced transportation, industrialization, globalization, multinational corporations as well as outsourcing all has major impacts on the international trade and its increaseRead MoreThe Concept of Comparative Advantage1459 Words   |  6 Pages The comparative advantage The concept of the comparative advantage was first coined in 1817 by economist David Ricardo, in his On the principles of political economy and taxation. The underlying idea of the comparative advantage theory is that the countries possess different resources and capabilities and they can produce some specific items in a more efficient manner than other countries can produce the same items, or more efficiently that the same country can produce other items. In such

Compare and Contrast Between Achilles and Hector free essay sample

Arthur Schopenhaur, the German philosopher, once said, â€Å"Fame is something that must be won. Honor is something that must not be lost. † Greek mythology heroes strived for fame and honor; one way is through achieving success on the battlefield. Two characters, in particular, that won fame and kept their honor is Achilles and Hector. In Rouse’s translated version of Homer’s The Iliad, Achilles and Hector may appear extremely different, but actually have numerous similarities. The Achaean hero, Achilles, had favor with the gods, acted as a leader in battle, and let his pride surpass his better judgment towards the Achaean army. First, Achilles impressed the gods with his fighting skills, which earned him their help. As Hephaestus forged Achilles’ new armor, he exclaimed, â€Å"I wish I could hide him from death as easily when that dreadful doom shall come! † (Homer 224) This shows how the gods, specifically Hephaestus, wanted to protect Achilles. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Between Achilles and Hector or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition to having the god’s on his side, Achilles encouraged his men by setting admirable examples. Supportively, when Achilles promised his men he â€Å"[would] never pause or rest one instant† and would go â€Å"straight through the lines,† he conveys hope among his men (Homer 242). Confidently, Achilles believed he could fight off all the Trojans, which helped his men realize their potential fighting abilities too. Because Achilles was a ferocious warrior, he became the Achaean’s role model. Lastly, Achilles had too much pride that overtook the better of him. Inappropriately, Agamemnon stole Briseis off Achilles that lead Achilles to â€Å"not help [Agamemnon] with advice or action foe he has wholly deceived and beguiled [Achilles]† (Homer 109). Afterwards, Agamemnon apologized for his actions but Achilles still refused to rejoin the battle. If Achilles were not so proud, then he would have prevented Patroclus from taking his armor and Patroclus’ premature death. With the god’s help, his encouraging attitude towards his men, and his ego, Achilles had become one of the world’s most famous characters. On the other side of the war, Hector, the Trojan hero, correspondingly gained divine admiration, reassured his men by example, and haughtily refused advice, which contributed to the Trojan’s demise. Just like Achilles, the gods assisted Hector often. For example, Hector gave the final blow to Patroclus and â€Å"ma[de] a final boast, for [he] [was] the victor by the help of Zeus Cronid? s and Apollo† (Homer 202). Purposely, the gods guided Hector through many battles and allowed him to win plenty of glory. Moreover, Hector compared to Achilles through his heartening actions on the battlefield. Assertively, Hector did not cower from anyone especially Achilles and admirably declared, â€Å"I at least will never turn my back on battle! I will stand up to meet him, to win or to lose it all† (Homer 221). Undoubtedly, the Trojans depended on Hector for courage, leadership, and support. Without Hector, the war would not have taken ten years to fight. Similar to Achilles, furthermore, Hector allowed his superciliousness to decide his decisions. When Polydamas advised Hector to return the army back into the city for the night, Hector rejected the proposal and told Polydamas to â€Å"no longer publish those notions of [his] any longer† because â€Å"the great god has granted [Hector] to win success before the enemy camp† (Homer 221). If Hector had listened to the idea, he could have averted the coming battle where Achilles killed an abundance of Hector’s men and pushed the remaining Trojans back behind the city wall. Mistakenly, Hector expectantly believed his army could withstand Achilles through the night when clearly Hector should have retired in the city. Hector used the god’s help, boosted his army’s courage, and showed overconfidence throughout the epic, which lead him to winning fortunes of fame. In conclusion, the two war heroes, Achilles and Hector, fought for different sides but still had outstanding similarities shown through Rouse’s translated version of Homer’s The Iliad. Achilles proved himself worthy of the god’s help, revitalized his men’s hope, and pompously refused to accept atonement. Hector, comparably, established beneficial relationships with the divine, reassured his men through example, and vainly rebuffed any counsel. Both of these heroes won fame but did not lose honor just as Arthur Schopenhaur described.

On May 25, 1961 President Kennedy Announced I Believe This Nation Sh

On May 25, 1961 President Kennedy announced: ?I believe this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth.? In pursuit of this goal, it was considered necessary to conduct several unmanned test flights and supporting programs, including the Mercury, Gemini, Ranger, Surveyor and Lunar Orbiter. The Mercury program aimed at meeting the Soviet challenge and putting American astronauts into orbit around the earth. The Mecury-Redstone launched the first U.S. astronaut into space on May 5, 1961. Alan Shepard spent about 15 minutes in space during a sub-orbital mission aboard the Mercury capsule ?Freedom 7.? Gus Grissom followed in his Mercury craft, the ?Liberty Bell,? on an identical mission shortly after. Since the Redstone was only ?one-staged?, it did not have the propulsive power to put two astronauts in space on the same mission. The Mecury-Atlas launch vehicle was a ?one-and-a-half? stage vehicle which used an ultra-light-weight structure to reduce the lift-off weight of the rocket. Even with this development, it can barely make it into a low-altitude Earth orbit. This modified vehicle launched John Glenn in his ?Friendship 7? capsule into three Earth orbits on February 20, 1962. He was followed by astronauts Scott Carpenter, Walter Schirra, and Gordon Cooper in Mercury missions of somewhat longer duration. The Gemini program was the next major space activity. Its two-stage design permitted two men to ride into space together so that they could conduct ?extra vehicular activities?, or EVA's. On June 3, 1965, Ed White took a daring step out of the Gemini 4 capsule into space. There he somersaulted, floated lazily on his back, pirouetted, and stood grinning like a kid on Gemini's titanium hull for 21 minutes. The Gemini capsule was also designed to use fuel cells, which is one of the first technologies required for lunar landing. The Ranger series was the first American unmanned spacecraft to land on the Moon. The idea was that the spacecraft were going to fly straight into the Moon and would be destroyed on impact, so the pictures had to be sent back as quickly as they were taken. The first few Ranger shots (August, 1961 - October, 1962) failed for a variety of reasons, not all connected with the spacecraft itself. However, Ranger 4 did reach the Moon on April 26, 1962, being the first American spacecraft to do so. The Surveyor series was very successful in obtaining information about the lunar surface. Surveyor 1 lifted from Cape Kennedy on May 30, 1966 with textbook precision. It was the first flight of a space probe, and the first operational use of the liquid-hydrogen fueled booster. It eased itself on the Moon using gentle blasts from three small liquid-fueled vernier rockets, under the control of a computer which was kept informed of height and velocity by the onboard radar. The Surveyor carried solar cells, generating electricity from sunlight, so it was able to transmit thousands of superb photographs before the Sun set and the long lunar night began. Even then, it survived the low temperatures and revived at dawn, giving the experimenters an extra bonus. On August 10, 1966, the United States launched the Lunar Orbiter 1. Orbiter's mission was primarily photographic. Orbiter 1 functioned superbly, producing the first high-definition pictures of the lunar Farside. Later, Orbiters did even better, producing a portfolio of lunar photographs. These photographs were of great importance, because the Rangers and Surveyors had begun to give the impression that the Moon was a somewhat dull, flat, and uninteresting place. But now the image was beginning to emerge of a world with landscapes as dramatic as any on Earth. The next step in reaching President Kennedy's goal was the Apollo program, which required an entirely new launch vehicle, the Saturn. On January 27, 1967, during a ground test of the Apollo spacecraft, fire broke out in the three-man command module. Because of the pressurized pure-oxygen atmosphere inside the spacecraft, a flash fire engulfed and killed the three astronauts: Grissom, White, and Commander Chaffee. As a result of this tragedy, the Apollo program was delayed more than a year while a major review of vehicle design and materials was accomplished. In October 1968, the first manned Apollo flight was launched by a Saturn IB booster. Astronauts Shirra, Cunningham, and Eisele circled the Earth for 163 orbits, checking spacecraft performance, photographing the Earth, and transmitting television pictures. In December 1968, Apollo 8, a landmark flight, carrying astronauts